{"id":5380,"date":"2023-06-05T16:19:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T08:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/?p=5380"},"modified":"2025-04-18T14:18:11","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T06:18:11","slug":"why-voltage-signal-oscillate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/support\/an-actuator\/why-voltage-signal-oscillate","title":{"rendered":"Dlaczego sygna\u0142 wyj\u015bciowy typu napi\u0119cia waha si\u0119 w pewnych warunkach?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5380\" class=\"elementor elementor-5380\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1893469 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1893469\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M248 104c-53 0-96 43-96 96s43 96 96 96 96-43 96-96-43-96-96-96zm0 144c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48s21.5-48 48-48 48 21.5 48 48-21.5 48-48 48zm0-240C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm0 448c-49.7 0-95.1-18.3-130.1-48.4 14.9-23 40.4-38.6 69.6-39.5 20.8 6.4 40.6 9.6 60.5 9.6s39.7-3.1 60.5-9.6c29.2 1 54.7 16.5 69.6 39.5-35 30.1-80.4 48.4-130.1 48.4zm162.7-84.1c-24.4-31.4-62.1-51.9-105.1-51.9-10.2 0-26 9.6-57.6 9.6-31.5 0-47.4-9.6-57.6-9.6-42.9 0-80.6 20.5-105.1 51.9C61.9 339.2 48 299.2 48 256c0-110.3 89.7-200 200-200s200 89.7 200 200c0 43.2-13.9 83.2-37.3 115.9z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDCL Controls\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-7014cca elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/2023\/06\/05\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>5 czerwca, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05722c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"05722c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"299\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/voltage-signal-path.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5384\" alt=\"0~5V\uff0c0~10V\u7535\u538b\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u9014\u5f84 | Voltage signal coupling path\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/voltage-signal-path.webp 960w, https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/voltage-signal-path-18x6.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ry\u017c. 1. Spos\u00f3b transmisji sygna\u0142u \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a napi\u0119cia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f64e7bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f64e7bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jak pokazano na rysunku. 1, transmisja sygna\u0142u \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a napi\u0119cia w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z 3 cz\u0119\u015bci\uff1a<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Schemat wyprowadzenia sygna\u0142u napi\u0119cia typu ujemnego sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego.<\/li><li>Kabel do transmisji sygna\u0142u. W\u015br\u00f3d nich C1 i L1 stanowi\u0105 paso\u017cytnicz\u0105 pojemno\u015b\u0107 paso\u017cytnicz\u0105 indukcyjno\u015b\u0107 kabla, a ich parametry s\u0105 bezpo\u015brednio zwi\u0105zane z d\u0142ugo\u015bci\u0105 kabla i typ okablowania.<\/li><li>Schemat zbierania sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego. W\u015br\u00f3d nich L2 i C2 stanowi\u0105 schematy filtr\u00f3w dolnych cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 by\u0107 umieszczone w ramach schematu pr\u00f3bkowania.<\/li><\/ol><p>Dla wyj\u015bciowego sygna\u0142u napi\u0119cia ujemnego sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego formu\u0142a obliczania sygna\u0142u wygl\u0105da nast\u0119puj\u0105co\uff1a<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2223Si&#039;\u2223=\u2223Si\u2223\u2212\u2223Niesamowita\u2223<\/p><p>Gdy faza ofXXf\u2223 wygasa lub op\u00f3\u017anie\u0144 na 180\u00b0, formu\u0142a obliczania sygna\u0142u przybiera nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 posta\u0107\uff1a<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2223Si&#039;\u2223=\u2223Si\u2223+\u2223Niesamowita\u2223<\/p><p>Innymi s\u0142owy, w przypadku braku sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego (XiXiXi jest r\u00f3wna 0) sygna\u0142 sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego (XXf\u2223) obs\u0142uguje sygna\u0142 wyj\u015bciowy (|X0|), a sygna\u0142 wyj\u015bciowy (|X0|), z kolei obs\u0142uguje sygna\u0142 sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego (XXf\u2223). W tym czasie powstaje \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f wahania.<\/p><p>Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, nast\u0119puj\u0105ce dwa warunki s\u0105 niezb\u0119dne dla wyst\u0105pienia \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439\uff1a<\/p><ol><li>|AF| &gt; 1<\/li><li>\u03c6A+\u03c6F=(2n+1)\u03a0<\/li><\/ol><p><strong>Sk\u0105d bierze si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnica faz w uk\u0142adzie?<\/strong><\/p><p>Paso\u017cytnicze C1 i L1 w kablu transmisji sygna\u0142u, L2 i C2 w obwodzie zbierania sygna\u0142u wej\u015bciowego i kondensatory filtruj\u0105ce w obwodzie wyj\u015bcia sygna\u0142u mog\u0105 powodowa\u0107 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e r\u00f3\u017cnica faz lub histereza. Ko\u0144cowa r\u00f3\u017cnica faz stanowi sum\u0119 tych r\u00f3\u017cnic faz. Je\u015bli okres sp\u00f3\u017ania lub histereza wynosi 180 \u00b0, mo\u017cliwe \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 wahania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0085879 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0085879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jak unikn\u0105\u0107 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f wahania?<\/strong><\/p><p>Musimy tylko upewni\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce w ramach stosowanej dziedzinie cz\u0119stotliwo\u015bci powy\u017csze dwa warunki nie mog\u0105 by\u0107 spe\u0142nione jednocze\u015bnie, aby mo\u017cna by\u0142o unikn\u0105\u0107 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f wahania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b0ed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26b0ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/self-excited-oscilation-factor.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5382\" alt=\"\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7535\u8def\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u632f\u8361\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/self-excited-oscilation-factor.webp 417w, https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/self-excited-oscilation-factor-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ry\u017c. 2. Stan, w kt\u00f3rym obw\u00f3d ujemnego sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego nie wykonuje drga\u0144<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5973d4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5973d4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jak pokazano na rysunku 2\uff1a<\/p><p>f c - jest to cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107, przy kt\u00f3rej wzmocnienie uk\u0142adu 20log|AF| spada do 0 db.<\/p><p>fo - cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107, przy kt\u00f3rej r\u00f3\u017cnica faz obwodu mniej -180\u00b0.<\/p><p>Dlatego, gdy r\u00f3\u017cnica faz wygasa lub histereza wynosi 180 \u00b0, wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnik wzmocnienia obwodu spada poni\u017cej 0 i uk\u0142ad dzia\u0142a stabilnie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9348ff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9348ff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>M\u00f3wi\u0105c umownie, dlaczego sygna\u0142 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a pr\u0105du nie\u0142atwo poddaje si\u0119 wahaniom?<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f108dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f108dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c18ac4e\" data-id=\"c18ac4e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7819e21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7819e21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/current-signal-feedback-path.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5381\" alt=\"\u7535\u6d41\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def | Current Signal feedback path\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/current-signal-feedback-path.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/current-signal-feedback-path-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Rysunek 3 Obw\u00f3d sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego z \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em pr\u0105du<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a46cc41\" data-id=\"a46cc41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a32944 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a32944\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"586\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/voltage-signal-feedback-path.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5386\" alt=\"\u7535\u538b\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def | Voltage signal feekback path\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/voltage-signal-feedback-path.webp 586w, https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/content\/dam\/faq\/actuator\/why-voltage-signal-self-excited-oscillate\/images\/voltage-signal-feedback-path-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Rysunek 4 Obw\u00f3d sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego z \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em napi\u0119cia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f733503 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f733503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jak pokazano na rysunku 2, wyj\u015bciem \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a pr\u0105du, kt\u00f3ry jest obecnie powszechnie stosowany, jest lustro \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o pr\u0105du. Jego obw\u00f3d regulacji z ujemnym sprz\u0119\u017ceniem zwrotnym zawiera tylko jedn\u0105 stron\u0119 lustra \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a pr\u0105du, oznaczony czerwon\u0105 lini\u0105. Zatem schemat obci\u0105\u017cenia zewn\u0119trznego niewielki wp\u0142yw na r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 faz i wzmocnienie p\u0119tli sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego. A\u017c do ustawienia wewn\u0119trznego uk\u0142adu sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego s\u0105 regulowane, \u017cadnych waha\u0144 wyst\u0119powa\u0107 nie b\u0119dzie.<\/p><p>Jak pokazano na rysunku 3, punkt sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego sygna\u0142u \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a napi\u0119cia znajduje si\u0119 w punkcie wyj\u015bcia schematu. Zatem obw\u00f3d sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego zawiera wewn\u0119trzny obw\u00f3d oznaczony czerwon\u0105 lini\u0105, a tak\u017ce zewn\u0119trzny kabel i schemat pobierania pr\u00f3bek. Tak wi\u0119c, w przypadku zmiany parametr\u00f3w elektrycznych kabla zewn\u0119trznego lub kabla do pobierania pr\u00f3bek r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c r\u00f3\u017cnica faz i wsp\u00f3\u0142czynnik wzmocnienia obwodu ujemnego sprz\u0119\u017cenia zwrotnego. Kiedy zmiana ta spe\u0142nia dwa warunki \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f wahania, dzieje si\u0119 samo wahanie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-36f721e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36f721e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-855bb4c\" data-id=\"855bb4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bcd777 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0bcd777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/pl_pl\/tech-enquiry\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Doradztwo techniczne<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20d88f5\" data-id=\"20d88f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df7c27e elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"df7c27e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/pl_pl\/where-to-buy\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Zam\u00f3wienie produktu<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e508c63\" data-id=\"e508c63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-71f0089\" data-id=\"71f0089\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a86a8f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a86a8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57a91d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57a91d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Powi\u0105zane artyku\u0142y techniczne\uff1a<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/pl_pl\/tech\/actuator-immunity-4-20ma-vs-2-10v\/\">Du\u017ca konkurencja na odporno\u015b\u0107 na zak\u0142\u00f3cenia uk\u0142ad\u00f3w nap\u0119dowych (4-20 ma PRZECIWKO 2-10)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Odpowiednie normy techniczne<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/pl_pl\/tech\/gb-t-3369-1-2008-iec-60381-1-1982\/\">GB\/T 3369.1\u20142008\/IEC 60381-1: 1982 sygna\u0142y Analogowe dla system\u00f3w sterowania procesami technologicznymi -Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 1: Sygna\u0142y pr\u0105du sta\u0142ego<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/pl_pl\/tech\/gb-t-3369-2-2008-iec-60381-2-1978\/\">GB\/T 3369.2\u20142008\/IEC 60381-2: 1978 sygna\u0142y Analogowe dla system\u00f3w sterowania procesami technologicznymi,- Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 2: Sygna\u0142y napi\u0119cia sta\u0142ego<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c41a453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c41a453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"#top\">Wr\u00f3\u0107my do pocz\u0105tku<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u56fe1 \u7535\u538b\u6e90\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u9014\u5f84 \u5982\u56fe1\uff0c\u7535\u538b\u6e90\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4e3b\u8981\u75313\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a \u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u578b\u7535\u538b\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u3002 \u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u7535 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6531,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[646],"tags":[386,44,34,42,373,41],"class_list":["post-5380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-an-actuator","tag-faq","tag-fast-move-actuator","tag-actuator","tag-general-actuator","tag-very-small-actuator-tag","tag-explosion-proof-actuator"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5380\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/pl_pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}